Abstract

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Dermatology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of skin diseases and disorders. Dermatologists are medical professionals who specialize in this field, addressing a wide range of conditions such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin infections, and skin cancer. In addition to medical treatments, dermatologists also perform cosmetic procedures to improve the appearance of the skin, such as laser therapy, botox injections, and chemical peels.

 

Editors
Editor-in-Chief
NicolaVeronese,MD,UniversityofPalermo,Italy,KingSaudUniversity,SaudiArabia
EmeritusEditors
GaetanoCrepaldi,PhD,NationalResearchCouncil,NeuroscienceInstitute,Padua,Italy
(deceased2024)
StefaniaMaggi,MD,MPH,PhD,UniversityofPadua,ItalyandNationalResearchCouncil,
NeuroscienceInstitute,Padua,Italy
DeputyEditor
Jean-YvesReginster,MD,PhD,UniversityofLiège,Belgium
ManagingEditor
FionaEcarnot,PhD,UniversityHospitalBesancon,France
AssociateEditors
Biomarkersindiseases
EtienneCavalier,PhD,UniversityofLiège,Belgium
Cardiology
MarioBo,MD,PhD,AziendaOspedalieraCitta'dellaSaluteedellaScienzadiTorino,Italy
TomaszGrodzicki,MD,PhD,JagiellonianUniversityMedicalCollege,Cracow,Poland
ComprehensiveGeriatricAssessment
AlbertoPilotto,MD,GallieraHospitals,GenovaandAldoMoroUniversityofBari,Italy
Epidemiology
GermainHonvo,PhD,UniversityofLiège,Belgium
LeeSmith,PhD,MSc,BSc,AngliaRuskinUniversity,UnitedKingdom
LinYang,PhD,AlbertaHealthServicesCalgary,CanadaandUniversityofCalgary,Canada
Frailtyandcomorbidities
DavideLiborioVetrano,MD,KarolinskaInstitutet,Sweden
Genetics
ChunyuLi,MD,WestChinaHospitalofSichuanUniversity,China
JianhaiChen,PhD,UniversityofChicago,US
Infectiousandrespiratorydiseases,vaccines,immunology
MarcoGoeijenbier,MD,PhD,SpaarneGasthuis,Hoofddorp,TheNetherlands
KidneyDiseases
PierreDelanaye,MD,PhD,CHUdeLiege-HopitalduSartTilman,Belgium
Meta-Analysisandsystematicreviews
CharlotteBeaudart,PhD,NamurResearchInstituteforLifeSciences(NARILIS),Belgiumand
UniversityofNamur,Belgium

VincenzaGianfredi,MD,DPH,UniversityofMilan,Italy
ShaunSabico,MD,PhD,KingSaudUniversity,Riyadh,SaudiArabia
Musculoskeletaldisordersandosteoporosis
OlivierBruyere,PhD,UniversityofLiège,Belgium
JessicaPepe,MD,SapienzaUniversityofRome,Italy
Neurology
NenadBogdanovic,MD,PhD,KarolinskaInstitutet,Sweden
RobertoMonastero,MD,PhD,UniversityofPalermo,Italy
PinarSoysal,MD,BezmialemVakifUniversity,Instanbul,Turkey
Nutrition
VirginiaBoccardi,MD,PhD,UniversityofPerugia,Italy
RenéRizzoli,MD,PhD,HopitauxUniversitairesdeGeneve,Switzerland
Pharmacology
MirkoPetrovic,MD,PhD,UniversiteitGent,Belgium
GrazianoOnder,MD,PhD,UniversitaCattolicadelSacroCuore,Rome,Italy
Psychology
AnnaMarseglia,PhD,KarolinskaInstitutet,Sweden
Radiology
GiuseppeGuglielmi,MD,UniversityofFoggia,Italy
Rehabilitation
DanielPinto,PT,PhD,MarquetteUniversity,Milwaukee,USA
MassimoVenturelli,PhD,UniveristyofVerona,Italy
Statistics
MariannaNoale,MSc,ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,Italy
Surgery
AlessandroAntonelli,MD,AziendaOspedalieraUniversitariaIntegrataVerona,Italy
LuigiMarano,MD,PhD,AcademyofAppliedMedicalandSocialSciences,Poland
SocialMediaEditors
FrancescaBusetti,OspedalediPiovediSacco,Padova,Italy
FedericaLimongi,NeuroscienceInstitute,NationalResearchCouncil,Padova,Italy
EDITORIALBOARDMEMBERS
PasqualeAbete,MD,UniversityFedericoII,Naples,Italy
AngelaMarieAbbatecola,AziendaSanitariaLocale(ASL)Alzheimer'sDiseaseDayClinic,
Frosinone,Italy
GemmaAdib,MD,ItalienHospitalDamascus,SyrianArabRepublic
RaffaeleAntonelliIncalzi,MD,PhD,CampusBio-MedicoUniversity,Rome,Italy
HidenoriArai,MD,PhD,NationalCenterforGeriatricsandGerontology,Obu(Aichi),Japan
MarioBarbagallo,MD,PhD,DIBIMIS,UniversitàdegliStudidiPalermo,Italy
MarziaBaldereschi,MD,ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,Italy
ClemensBecker,MD,UniversitätsklinikumHeidelberg,Germany

NicolettaBerardi,MD,ConsiglioNazionaledelleRicerche,Italy
RichardBesdine,MD,BrownUniversity,USA
IreneBertozzi,MD,UniversityofPadua,Italy
CarloBiz,UniversityofPadua,Italy
FrancescoBolzetta,MD,AziendaULSS(UnitàLocaleSocioSanitaria)3"Serenissima",
Venice,Italy
PaoloBorghetti,MD,SpedaliCiviliHospitalandBresciaUniversity,Italy
TaraBrennan-Speranza,MD,UniversityofSydney,Australia
FrancescoCacciatore,MD,PhD,AORNHillsHospitals,Italy
AmaiaCalderon-Larrañaga,MD,KarolinskaInstitutet,Sweden
ClaudiaCampusano,MD,ClínicaUniversidaddelosAndes,Chile
FabrizioCardin,MD,UniversityofPadua,Italy
ChiaraCeolin,PhDstudent,UniversityofPadua,Italy
MatteoCesari,MD,PhD,WorldHealthOrganization(WHO),Switzerland
ManjuChandran,MD,SingaporeGeneralHospital,Singapore
Liang-KungChen,MD,NationalYang-MingUniversity,Taiwan
AntonioCherubini,MD,PhD,IRCCS-INRCAAncona,Italy
CyrusCooper,MBBS,DM,FRCP,FFPH,FMedSci,UniversityofSouthampton,UK
MariaChiaraCorti,MD,AziendaZeroRegioneVeneto,Italy
MamadouCoume,MD,PhD,UniversitéCheikhAntaDiop,UCAD,Dakar,Senegal
ElisabethM.Curtis,MA(Oxon),BMBCh,MRCP(Rheum),PhD,UniversityofSouthampton,
UK
BessDawson-Hughes,MD,HNRCA:JeanMayerUSDAHumanNutritionResearchCenteron
Aging,USA
DiegoDeLeo,MD,PhD,GriffithUniversity,Australia
JacopoDemurtas,MD,MEd,PhD,FamilyMedicineDepartmentUSLToscanaSudEst,AFT
Orbetello,Italy
ElaineDennison,MB,Bchir,MA,FRCP,MSc,PhD,UniversityofSouthampton,UK
MauroDiBari,MD,PhD,UniversityofFlorence,Italy
AntonioDiCarlo,MD,ItalianNationalResearchCouncil,Italy
VincenzoDiFrancesco,MD,PhD,AziendaOspedalieraUniversitariaIntegrataVerona,Italy
LuigiFerrucci,MD,PhD,NationalInstituteofAging,USA
JeromeFleg,MD,NIH-NationalHeart,Lung,andBloodInstitute,USA
UldericoFreo,MD,UniveristyofPadua,Italy
CalebFinch,PhD,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,USA
AntonellaFioravanti,MD,AziendaOspedalieraUniversitariaSenese,Italy
RichardH.Fortinsky,PhD,UConnHealthCenter:UConnHealth,CT,USA
ClaudioFranceschi,MD,UniveristyofBologna,Italy
LauraFratiglioni,MD,PhD,KarolinskaInstitutet,Sweden
GiovanniB.Frisoni,MD,PhD,UniversitédeGenève,Switzerland
StefanoFumagalli,MD,PhD,UniversityofFlorence,Italy

AndreaI.Gasparik,MD,PhD,UniversityofMedicineandPharmacyofTirguMures,Romania
EvelienGielen,MD,PhD,UniversityHospitalsLeuven,Belgium
SophieGillain,MD,CHUofLiège,Belgium
StefanoGonnelli,MD,UniversityofSiena,Italy
YuHu,ZhongshanHospital,FudanUniversity,Shanghai,China
MarcoInvernizzi,MD,PhD,UniversityofEasternPiedmont,Italy
GiuseppeJurman,PhD,FondazioneBrunoKessler,Trento,taly
Jean-MarcKaufman,MD,PhD,UniversiteitGent,Belgium
Jean-FrançoisKaux,MD,PhD,UniversitédeLiège,Belgium
RetoW.Kressig,MD,UniversityCenterforMedicineofAgingBasel,Switzerland
Wee-ShiongLim,MBBS(S'pore),MRCP(UK),M.Med(Int.Med),MHPEd,AGSF,FAMS,
InstituteofGeriatricsandActiveAging,TanTockSengHospital,Singapore
SophiaLinKang,MD,PekingUnionMedicalCollege,China
MartaMaddalo,MD,SpedaliCivilidiBrescia,Italy
ArduinoA.Mangoni,MD,PhD,FlindersUniversity,Australia
RadmillaMatijevic,MD,PhD,MedicalFacultyUniversityofNoviSad,Serbia
FrancescoMattaceRaso,MD,PhD,ErasmusMCUniversityMedicalCenterofRotterdam,
Netherlands
PaolaMazzola,MD,UniversitadegliStudidiMilano-Bicocca,Italy
ElisabettaMenna,MD,PhD,CNR-InstituteNeuroscience,Italy
OsvaldoDanielMessina,MD,InvestigacionesReumatológicasyOsteológicas(IRO).
CollaboratingCentreWHO.BuenosAires,Argentina
AliMobasheri,BSc(Hons),ARCS(Hons),MSc,DPhil(Oxon),UniversityofOulu,Finland
AntonioPaoli,MD,UniversityofPadova,Italy
ClaudioPedone,MD,PhD,CampusBioMedicoUniversityandTeachingHospital,Italy
KaisuH.Pitkälä,MD,Aalto-yliopistoTuotantotaloudenlaitos,Finland
MariaCristinaPolidori,MD,PhD,UniklinikKoln,Germany
KonstantinosProkopidis,PhDcandidate,LiverpoolCentreforCardiovascularSciences,
InstituteofLifeCourseandMedicalSciences,UniversityofLiverpool,UK
FrancescoSaverioRagusa,PhDstudent,UniversityofPalermo,Italy
InnocenzoRainero,MD,PhD,UniversityofTorino,Italy
Jean-MarieRobine,MD,FrenchNationalInstituteofHealthandMedicalResearch,France
AngelRodriguez-Laso,MD,CIBERFES,Madrid,Spain
AndreaP.Rossi,MD,UniversityofVerona,Italy
LucaRozzini,MD,UniversitàdegliStudidiBrescia,Italy
LeonardoSartori,MD,PhD,UniversityofPadova,Italy
AngeloScuteri,MD,PhD,UniversityofSassari,Italy
GiuseppeSergi,MD,PhD,UniversityofPadova,Italy
RaffaeleSerra,MD,PhD,UniversityMagnaGraeciaofCatanzaro,Italy
AblaM.Sibai,PhD,AmericanUniversityofBeirut,Lebanon
CornelSieber,MD,Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg,Germany
StuartL.Silverman,MD,FACP,FACR,Cedars-SinaiMedicalCenterandUCLASchoolof
Medicine,CA,USA

EleanorM.Simonsick,MD,PhD,NIH-NationalInstituteonAging,USA
ManuelSosaHenriquez,MD,PhD,UniversityofLasPalmasdeGranCanaria,Spain
TimoE.Strandberg,MD,PhD,UniversityofHelsinki,Finland
CaterinaTrevisan,MD,PhDstudent,UniversityofPadova,Italy
BrunoVellas,MD,PhD,Gérontôpole,UniversityofToulouse,France
EmanueleRoccoVillani,MD,AUSLModena,Vignola,Italy
Marjolein,Visser,MD,PhD,VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam,Netherlands
TerrieWetle,PhD,BrownUniversity,USA
ChangWonWon,PhD,KyungHeeUniversityCollegeofMedicine,RepublicofKorea
JeanWoo,MB,BChir,MA,MD,TheChineseUniversityofHongKong,HongKong
JirongYue,MD,SichuanUniversityWestChinaHospital,China
WeiboXia,MD,PekingUnionMedicalCollege,China
MichelaZanetti,MD,PhD,UniversityofTrieste,MaggioreUniversityHospital,Trieste,Italy
OrazioZanetti,MD,IRCCSCentroSanGiovannidiDio-Fatebenefratelli,Italy
AlbertoZucchelli,MD,UniversitàdegliStudidiBrescia,Italy
ClementeH.Zúñiga,MD,MPH,UniversidadAutonomadeBajaCalifornia-CampusTijuana,
Mexico

Data Availablity

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Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin, nails, hair, and their diseases. It involves both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist treats diseases in the widest sense and some cosmetic problems of the skin, scalp, hair, and nails. Here are some key areas within dermatology:

1. Medical Dermatology: This involves the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. Conditions include acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin infections, rosacea, and skin cancer.

2. Pediatric Dermatology: Focuses on skin conditions affecting children. This can include common childhood skin disorders like eczema and birthmarks, as well as more rare genetic skin diseases.

3. Cosmetic Dermatology: Involves treatments aimed at improving the appearance of the skin. Procedures include botox, fillers, chemical peels, laser therapy, and microdermabrasion.

4. Dermatopathology: The study of skin diseases at a microscopic level. Dermatopathologists often diagnose complex skin diseases through biopsies.

5. Mohs Surgery: A specialized type of surgery used to treat skin cancer. It involves removing thin layers of skin and examining them until only cancer-free tissue remains.

6. Teledermatology: The use of telecommunication technologies to provide dermatological services. This is particularly useful for remote consultations and follow-up care.

7. Immunodermatology: Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders characterized by immune system dysfunctions. This includes conditions like lupus, bullous pemphigoid, and vitiligo.